Digital Transformation in Education: Opportunities and Challenges in the Era of Industrial Revolution 4.0

Abstract

Digital transformation in education has become an important part in improving the effectiveness of learning, especially in terms of accessibility and flexibility. This study aims to analyze the impact of digital transformation on the education system in Indonesia, identify the challenges faced in its implementation, and evaluate the readiness of educators in integrating technology into learning. This study uses a mix-method method, with a quantitative approach through a survey of 250 teachers and 500 students, and a qualitative approach through interviews and document studies. The results showed that 78% of respondents felt that technology helped them understand the material better, especially with the use of Learning Management Systems (LMS), interactive learning videos, and Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based applications. However, this study also revealed that the digital divide is still a major obstacle, especially in the 3T (Frontier, Outermost, and Disadvantaged) areas, where 42% of teachers and students experience obstacles due to limited infrastructure and internet access. In addition, only 63% of teachers feel confident in integrating technology into learning, which indicates the need for increased training and digital competencies for educators. This study confirms that although digital transformation provides significant benefits, its success still depends on the availability of infrastructure, the readiness of educators, and educational policies that support equal access to technology. Therefore, a comprehensive strategy is needed to ensure the implementation of effective and equitable digital learning throughout Indonesia.