Journal of Health Sciences (Johes)

Implementation of Health Promotion Programs in Adolescents for Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Hotmalina Gultom — 2025-02-28

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a health promotion program in increasing knowledge and changing adolescent behavior related to the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). This program was implemented in a group of adolescents in certain schools who participated in counseling on STDs, transmission methods, symptoms, and prevention methods, including the use of contraception. The method used was a quantitative research design with a pre-test and post-test approach, where data were collected through a questionnaire that measured adolescent knowledge and behavior related to STDs. The results showed that there was a significant increase in adolescent knowledge about STDs after participating in the education program. In addition, there were positive changes in their behavior, especially in the use of contraception as a preventive measure against STDs. This study also found that a structured education-based health promotion program can increase adolescent awareness and preventive actions in maintaining their sexual health. These results support the importance of a broader and more integrated health education program in the education system to prevent the spread of sexually transmitted diseases among adolescents.

Effectiveness of Prenatal Exercise in Reducing Back Pain in Third Trimester Pregnant Women: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Eva Susianti — 2025-02-28

Back pain is a common complaint experienced by pregnant women, especially in the third trimester, due to changes in body biomechanics, weight gain, and hormonal changes. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of prenatal exercise as a non-pharmacological strategy in reducing back pain in pregnant women in the third trimester. The method used was a quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design involving two groups, namely the intervention group that did prenatal exercise for 4 weeks and the control group that did not do the intervention. Back pain measurements were carried out using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) before and after the intervention. The results showed that there was a significant decrease in pain in the intervention group compared to the control group (p <0.05). The average VAS score in the intervention group decreased from 6.8 ± 1.2 to 3.4 ± 1.1, while in the control group there was only a slight change from 6.7 ± 1.3 to 6.1 ± 1.2. These results indicate that prenatal exercise is effective in reducing back pain during the third trimester of pregnancy. Compared to other methods such as massage therapy or acupuncture, prenatal exercise is more accessible, economical, and can be done independently. Therefore, prenatal exercise can be recommended as part of a prenatal program to improve the comfort and well-being of pregnant women. Further socialization and education are needed so that pregnant women understand the benefits and correct techniques in doing prenatal exercise.

Artificial Intelligence as an Innovation in Pregnancy Risk Prediction: A Comparative Study with Conventional Methods

Sulis Silalahi — 2025-02-28

Technological advances in the health sector have brought innovations in pregnancy risk screening, one of which is through the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI). AI has great potential in increasing the accuracy of early detection of pregnancy risk by analyzing medical data more quickly and comprehensively. Various studies have shown that AI is able to analyze electronic medical records, ultrasound images, and laboratory results to provide more accurate algorithm-based predictions than conventional methods. The implementation of AI in pregnancy screening also plays a role in supporting medical personnel in making more appropriate decisions and increasing access to information for pregnant women. However, despite its advantages in increasing the efficiency of health services, the implementation of AI still faces various challenges, including algorithm validation, patient data security, and acceptance of technology by health workers and pregnant women. Therefore, further research is needed to examine the long-term effectiveness and implementation strategies of AI in the health system, especially in pregnancy risk screening.

The Role of Pregnant Women's Nutrition in Stunting Prevention: Analysis of Dietary Patterns, Socio-Economic Factors, and Evidence-Based Nutrition Interventions

Ria Adelina — 2025-02-28

Stunting is a global health problem that impacts the growth and development of children. This study aims to analyze the role of nutrition in preventing stunting with a focus on the diet of pregnant women. The research methods used include questionnaire surveys, in-depth interviews, and anthropometric measurements of pregnant women and infants. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests, including logistic regression to identify the main risk factors contributing to stunting. The results showed that an unbalanced diet during pregnancy, especially low protein and iron intake, was significantly associated with an increased risk of stunting in infants (p<0.05). In addition, socio-economic factors, such as family income and access to health services, also affect the nutritional status of mothers and infants. Recommendations based on the findings of this study include increasing access to nutritious food, community-based nutrition education, and socio-economic interventions to support high-risk families. The conclusion of this study confirms that maternal nutrition interventions are a key strategy in preventing stunting. Implementation of policies that focus on improving the nutritional quality of pregnant women is expected to significantly reduce stunting rates and improve the quality of life of children in Indonesia.

Relationship of Diet, Physical Activity, and Nutritional Status to the Risk of Diabetes Mellitus: Cross-Sectional Analysis

Sinur Hayati — 2025-02-28

Diabetes mellitus is one of the metabolic diseases that continues to increase in prevalence worldwide, mainly due to unhealthy diet and sedentary lifestyle. This study aims to analyze the relationship between diet, physical activity, and major risk factors for the incidence of diabetes mellitus. This study used a cross-sectional research design with data collection through the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) to assess diet, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) to measure physical activity levels, and blood sugar and HbA1c levels using calibrated laboratory equipment. In addition, anthropometric measurements were carried out to assess the nutritional status of respondents. The results showed that older age, obesity, excessive sugar consumption, and low physical activity were the main risk factors for diabetes mellitus. Respondents with a sugar consumption frequency of ≥3 times/week had a 2.67 times higher risk of developing diabetes mellitus compared to those who consumed lower amounts of sugar. Respondents with low levels of physical activity had a 3.12 times higher risk of developing diabetes compared to physically active individuals. In addition, obesity was also found to increase the risk of diabetes by 2.1 times. Multivariate analysis showed that excessive sugar consumption and lack of physical activity were the most influential factors on the incidence of diabetes mellitus. These findings suggest that lifestyle interventions based on healthy diet and increased physical activity are very important in efforts to prevent diabetes mellitus. Therefore, more effective education strategies and supportive health policies are needed to reduce sugar consumption and increase physical activity in the community. Further research with a longitudinal design is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of these interventions in the long term.